Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Business Ethics - Essay Example Subsequently, this methodology, rather than great mentality to creatures, makes human activities towards creatures morally grounded, dismissing each person’s own demeanor or sentiments towards creatures. Singer’s position needs opinions and is very much grounded utilizing the guideline of balance of rights. Having cerebrums or cognizance is certainly not a prejudicial factor for Singer, and it is very clear for the researcher that we as a whole need to take moral consideration everything being equal and quit utilizing their lives for our minor objectives. 2. · Pollan’s primary concern is that the fundamental issue of our general public is mechanical animal cultivating where creatures are treated with slight and are caused a great deal of affliction. His thought is to make the procedure of animal cultivating (counting their butchering) â€Å"transparent† (metaphorically or actually) †that is, permit creatures to make the most of their lives and to butcher them as tolerantly as could reasonably be expected. This would make meat and dairy items increasingly costly obviously, anyway people would eat creatures with deference and cognizance. Considering Singer’s argumentation, Pollan concurs with a considerable amount of contentions, yet questions some others, and this appears to happen in light of the fact that as indicated by Peter Singer, there are just two alternatives for individuals eating meat: either to go vegan or to knock some people's socks off away from the issue and close their eyes not seeing the cr eatures languishing. That is the reason, the in the long run found arrangement of ranches â€Å"transparency† looms for Pollan the ideal good alternative which would, from one perspective, guarantee that the animals are dealt with pleasantly, and on the other †that the people will have the option to settle on their decision of eating or not eating their substance with more cognizance. 3. I would not say Pollan deserts utilitarianism absolutely yet his position is surely not focused on utility as the principle measure for profound quality and the essential models for

Scope of Liability for Negligent Misstatement by Professionals Assignment

Extent of Liability for Negligent Misstatement by Professionals - Assignment Example Extent of Liability for Negligent Misstatement Test of Negligence Generally, for a case of carelessness to stand, one needs to demonstrate three components. These components are: That there was an obligation of care owed to the inquirer by the respondent, That the obligation of care owed was penetrated, That the break caused sensibly predictable harm borne by the petitioner These grounds have been applied for cases including individual injury. Be that as it may, with regards to careless misquote by experts, this control test may not be proper, all the more so with regards to the component of sensible predictability. In Caparo Industries Plc V Dickman, Lord Oliver anticipated a circumstance whereby an expert would be available to a boundless extent of obligation, if the trial of sensible predictability alone was applied, (Katter 2003, P. 1). ... An obligation of care will just emerge where the exhortation provider, explicitly or impliedly, ensured the data client that he will practice due consideration when offering the necessary expression. The individual offering guidance must be in control of extraordinary abilities and judgment on which the inquirer depended on. This won't get the job done if as indicated by the conditions, it was nonsensical for the inquirer to depend on such an announcement. The data supplier, at the hour of giving the announcement, more likely than not known or sensibly expected to know, that the inquirer would depend on the announcement given. On account of Hedley Byrne and Co. Ltd V Heller and Partners Ltd, the offended parties who were a promoting office had endured monetary misfortunes because of the careless explanation of the respondent bank about the money related remaining of one of its customers. It was held that where there exists an extraordinary relationship and an individual gives off bas e explanations where it was sensibly predictable that that data was to be followed up on, risk could emerge for misfortunes supported from that dependence. With regards to the prerequisite of exceptional relationship, risk limited distinctly to sensible conditions. This forestalls a circumstance whereby numerous cases could be made against a similar respondent who has offered a careless expression that ends up affecting numerous individuals. So as to limit such different cases emerging from a similar error, the court spread out the fundamental of unique relationship on account of Caparo Industries V Dickman (1990). These fundamental are: That the producer of the announcement realized that it would be conveyed to offended party, regardless of whether named or anonymous. That the guidance given was corresponding to a specific exchange or one that is ascertainable. That the producer of the announcement

Best Practices for Creating Your Personal Brand Using a Blog

Best Practices for Creating Your Personal Brand Using a Blog People blog for a variety of reasons. Many start out simply wanting to share their thoughts and words and, hopefully, make a difference in other people’s lives. Others are more enterprising, aiming to turn blogging into a source of livelihood and a money-making venture while others aim to use their blogs to expand their professional or business networks.Blogging has becomean excellent way to earn more exposure, whether you seek exposure for yourself personally, or for your business. Thus, blogging has come to be seen as a great way to improve one’s brand. © Shutterstock | lassedesignenThis article dives deep into 1) how blogging and branding are related and 2) best-practices for building your personal brand while blogging.BLOGGING AND BRANDINGBlogs are seen as effective platforms for individuals and businesses to build their online presence and expand it further. Forget about sending bulk email to your fans and leaving it at that, blogs are just as effective (even more so) in creating connections and strengthening them.Branding, in a strictly marketing concept, is that strategy that involves the creation of a unique and differentiated name and image. The unique name and image is primarily for the purpose of establishing a presence in the minds and consciousness of customers, so you can attract new ones and keep the existing ones. It takes a slightly different turn when we are talking of the online context. Branding becomes a technique that makes use of the internet and various available online tools in order to build your presence on line.As blogging has become more widespread in the recent decade, so did its power to enable an individual or a business to build an online presence. Granted, it is not the only tool or strategy that can be adopted in order to get one’s brand known and thrive. They include having a logo with a unique design, being active in social media and online communities, and connecting or networking with other businesses or individuals within the same industry. It wasn’t until recently that many individuals and companies have recognized the power of blogging in branding.How does branding through blogging benefit you?It drives traffic to your site. Blogging improves your site’s rankon search enginesand in the process it increases the amount of traffic to your blog or site.It strengthens relationships, specifically your relationship with your customer base or target audience. Blogging promotes interaction since it comes in a more personalized form, with an easy-to-approach vibe.It position s you as an authority figure in your industry. Have you ever fancied yourself to be a brand leader? Then you can accomplish that with the help of blogging if you post useful and informative content. It gives you authority in your chosen field, and will give your business and brand a boost in recognition, trust, and revenue generation.[slideshare id=28453336doc=personalbrandinglikewillferrellss-131120082824-phpapp01w=640h=330]BEST BLOGGING PRACTICES FOR BUILDING YOUR PERSONAL BRANDNo doubt, you will find a lot of tips and suggestions on how you can go about maximizing your blog in order to build your personal brand.Unfortunately, there are simply too many of them to wade through, so we have sifted through them to come up with the best, tried-and-tested, practices that you, too, can put into practice in building your own brand through blogging.Register Own Name as a DomainWith so many blogs now dotting the internet, it is so easy for one blog to drown in a sea of other blogs. Getting noticed certainly becomes more difficult if there are thousands of other blogs in the same niche that are also trying their best to get their brand off the ground.The key here is to be authentic, or to have an identity that is distinctly yours. This is under the presumption that, even before starting your blog, you already know what subject matter you will focus on, or what industry you will try to enter.Know thyself, so to speak, because that will be your foundation.You can start by owning your own name, through registering your own name as a domain. You want to promote your personal brand. It should bear your name and identity.Once you have registered your own name, make sure you use the same name in a way that is easily identifiable when you create accounts in social media platforms and communities for purposes of promoting your blog. Be consistent.Design a Branding-Friendly BlogThis takes a lot of work, since we are talking about the overall look and feel of your blog.Choose a h osting service provider and a blogging platform. For this, there are a variety of service providers and platforms to choose from, depending on the type of blog you want to set up, the industry or niche you want to enter, and how you plan to manage your blog. The most popular hosting providers include Bluehost, Siteground and HostGator, among others, while blogging platforms include WordPress, Blogger and Tumblr. Again, depending on your needs and preferences, you can make an informed decision on which to go for.Apply a unique yet user-friendly blog design. Put yourself in the shoes of your readers. If you visit a blog and you have a hard time navigating, would you want to go through the pain of returning and groping your way around it in the future? Of course not. Also, a design that is too generic also implies that the blog owner does not put a lot of effort or does not have much commitment in managing the blog. Why should a reader put commitment in reading the content that is on i t? That is why you have to pick a layout or design that will make your blog stand out and be easily noticeable. First impressions last, and that also applies in this case.Choose your logo and tagline properly. Just as you have given a lot of thought in picking a unique name and blog design, you should also be just as circumspect when designing a logo or creating a tagline. Remember that these logos and taglines will be associated with your personal brand, so you have to make sure that they will count.Make your blog functional. There should be widgets or plugins that link to your social media accounts. Give your readers the opportunity to interact with you by providing options to contact you. “Online presence” should not only mean being present online. You also have to make yourself accessible to your readers, so they will feel they are dealing with an actual human being and an individual, and not just a robot working behind a computer publishing content.One thing you have to rem ember is that you must be willing to spend money on your blog. Sure, there are a lot of platforms that are free, but they have limited features.If you want to have full control on how your blog will look like and how it will operate, then you have to shell out some cash. Customization comes at a price; you just have to weigh how much you are willing (and are able) to pay.[slideshare id=36457650doc=yourpersonalbrandonline-140630055903-phpapp02w=640h=330]Embrace Social MediaSocial media has certainly become a game-changer, playing a very important role when it comes to branding. In the past, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter were designed to connect and reconnect people. Today, their roles have become far more encompassing. Other social media platforms worth noting include Google+, Reddit, Pinterest, Digg, and Instagram.Social media presence gives you a human personality online. Your audience will be able to identify your blog with an individual, someone with a perso nality.Join social media and be active in your circles. So you signed up for an account in this or that platform; that is not the end of it. Be social in every sense of the word. You have to be active in those circles, because that is one way to ensure that you have a consistent online presence. Post regular updates in the social media platforms that you are a member of, actively promoting your blog and, in turn, your brand.Display your social following statistics. There are several widgets or plugins that you can install on your blog so that it will display your social following statistics. Visitors that arrive at your blog for the first time are likely to see the number of followers you have on your social media accounts. High numbers indicate that your brand is likable and will, in turn, convince these new visitors to follow you.  Social proof should not miss on your blog.Manage blog contentThe biggest difference between successful and unsuccessful blogs is the content. This prin ciple also applies to branding through blogging. What separates bloggers that have successfully created their own brand is the value that they offer to their audience.We can use a simple analogy for this. A clothing brand, for example. Buyers will not give a clothing brand the time of day, much less their money, if the quality â€" the fabric, the workmanship, the design â€" is poor or sub-par. It’s the same thing with blogging. Readers will not visit a blog that does not provide valuable information, so that blog can just say goodbye to any hopes of its brand going anywhere.Make sure your blog offers value. Your blog should provide useful information, or information that will actually mean something for anyone who reads or sees it. With so many blogs to go through, visitors won’t hesitate to click away from your blog to another, more relevant, blog if you offer nothing of value. At the end of the day, the most important aspect of your blog is the value of the content. It won’t do your personal brand any good if you have a great-looking blog that is filled with poor quality content.Keep blog content consistent. You want to establish yourself as an authority when it comes to travel. Unless you find a good reason and an interconnection, you won’t be doing your online branding any favors if you start throwing in content related to fashion somewhere in there. Early on, you have chosen a specific subject matter or topic. Stick to it, if you also want your brand to stick.Keep the updates regular. To establish your brand, you have to remain visible at all times. You are not doing it right if you put up content one day, then disappear for a week, then coming back for another update, and disappear for another spell. Update your blog regularly or, if you create a timeline or schedule, stick to it. If you decide to put up content every two weeks, then do so, but make sure you do it regularly. Long silences are bound to give the impression that you are not as commi tted to your blogging (and branding), and it will also make your readers remember you less.Include a portfolio. You might think that portfolios are only for artists, photographers and models. You’d be wrong. All the projects that you have worked on can comprise your personal portfolio, which you should include in your blog. This will give your audience a deeper look on who you are and what your brand has to offer. Seeing the contents of your portfolio will also help you gain their trust a bit faster. For example, a food blog that features recipes for cakes should include successful original and personal recipes. This will certainly add to the blogger’s credibility in that specific area.Have good visual elements. Never forget that humans are, by nature, visual beings. 65% of the population is comprised of visual learners. People will certainly not enjoy visiting a blog that is purely text and does not have images or videos. Those who do will definitely not stay long on that blog. Most of them will certainly not want to go back to it. You have to strike a balance between text and multimedia in order to engage your readers to pay attention to your blog.Do some “auditing”In other words, you will have to monitor your online presence. Be on your guard and stay vigilant at all times. This will allow you to be more flexible, and take the appropriate action if and when necessary.You may think that it is embarrassing to “Google yourself” but, hey, there is nothing wrong with that. It’s a good way to assess how your online presence is faring. In fact, we recommend that you set up alerts for your blog’s name so you can watch it more closely.You should also watch what you share on your social media channels. Just as you manage the content you put up on your blog, you should also be just as careful when it comes to your social networks. You may be active on social media and have amassed a huge following, but you should keep an eye on those numbers, and the r eactions of your followers. Keep in mind that every single thing you share on your social networks, be it an image, a status update, a tweet, or even a link or URL, will have an impact on your personal brand. Network, network, networkBeing active on social media is one good way of networking, but do not stop there. Building your own network will also work wonders for your personal brand. But, aside from social media promotions, how else can you expand your network?Build online communities through your blog. You will find other successful blogs that have email lists, where readers can sign up for regular updates. Take this opportunity to reach out to your readers in an avenue other than content published on your blog. For example, a travel blogger can send tips via email other than those regularly appearing on the blog. This will give readers a sense of importance, because they are personally receiving updates and communication from the blogger. Thus, the brand name is strengthened.A ssociate with other strong brands. It is not a strange sight to see bloggers with other bloggers, especially those that are in the same niche or industry. In fact, they also often collaborate on certain projects which, in turn, boost both of their personal brands. When choosing a brand to associate your own brand with, make sure you choose wisely. Pick a strong brand or, if not an established brand, at least one that has potential of growing. The brand should also be relevant, or have a connection with you and the brand that you want to promote. For example, you want to promote your brand as a wildlife photographer, then you might want to associate with established wildlife photography groups and photography clubs. Join their communities and contribute content to their websites or blogs. Nowadays, submitting guest posts is another way of widening your network and getting more attention for your brand.Practice subtletyBelieve it or not, humility still goes a long way, even in the blo gosphere. Promote your blog on all the appropriate channels that you can, but do it tastefully and avoid coming on too strong. Readers are bound to be turned off by excessive self-promotion, so make sure you do not do it so blatantly or be too forward about it.Blatant self-promotion can damage your brand. Aside from turning away your target audience, it will also put a wedge between you and the other bloggers in your industry. That is not a position you would want to find yourself in. It will not bode well for your networking efforts, and building your brand will become more difficult.Building a personal brand may seem like a monumental task, especially if you are thinking of using a blog to do so. But it should not be like that. After all, the blog is, in itself, a powerful tool for marketing your brand. All that is left is for you to utilize the tools that you are given in order to build your brand and make it flourish.

Chaucers Views Exposed in The Canterbury Tales Essay

Chaucers Views Exposed in The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales were written and pieced together in the late 1380s, early 1390s. The author of the book is Geoffrey Chaucer. When considering the structure of the tales, one can deduce that they were put together using Framework Narrative, a very unique style of writing. The opening prologue speaks of 29 pilgrims, including Chaucer, who are all on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. All of them are seeking a certain shrine for spiritual cleansing, and relief. The journey was to be long, but in the end it would all be worth it. Chaucers social views and prejudices are revealed through his description of the pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer presents†¦show more content†¦At this point, one might construe that social status is somewhat important to Chaucer. Chaucers view of the clergy class is not as positive as his view of the ruling class. For example, Chaucer describes the Prioress/Nun using a great amount of satire. He speaks of how the nun has excellent etiquette and manners. She tries so hard to be respected and viewed as one with higher status. Her character is best described in the quote:  · She took pains to imitate court behavior, to be dignified in bearing and to be considered worthy of respect.(Chaucer Pg. 3-Line 26) He says that the Monk deviated from traditional requirements expected of a monk, such as hunting, and roaming throughout life beyond monastery walls. A quote that best describes the monk is:  · Why should he study and drive himself crazy, always poring over a book in his cloister, or work and slave with his hands as St. Augustine orders? (Chaucer Pg. 4-Line 21) The Friar was the worst of them all. He was a gossiper, he was evil in his ways of offering absolution, and he took advantage of people, rich and poor. He indulged in secular pleasures, and he only wanted to work with the rich for what he could gain. He refused to work with the poor, for they were all Lepers! and were no help when a man is trying to improve his social status. He was an extremely cunning man, and a quote that fits himShow MoreRelatedChaucers View of Women Exposed in The Canterbury Tales778 Words   |  4 Pageswho break out of the stereotypical â€Å"good wife† mold. When an author uses this technique effectively, the woman often carries the story. In Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, he portrays the Wife of Bath, Alison, as a woman who bucks the tradition of her times with her brashness and desire for control. Chaucer effectively presents a womans point of view and evokes some sympathy for her. In the authors time, much of the literature was devoted to validating the frailties of women. However, inRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Use of Characterization Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesappealed to those of all walks of life. Chaucer’s work resulted in mass appeal because it used many forms of characterization to present the characters to the reader. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses thoughts and actions, his word, and satire to characterize The Squire and The Wife of Bath. Geoffrey Chaucer is well known for his use of characterization in his works. A notable work of Chaucer was Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. This piece was notable because it appealedRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduced and described a variety of fictional characters that lived in the Middle Ages. It was the time period that European civilians were governed by a system called feudalism. Where kings were the head of the system and everyone was categorized in social classes. In the prologue of The Canterbury Tales the first character introduced was the knight. Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the knight correctly by characterizing him as a chivalrous and honorable man,Read MoreEssay on Comparing the Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale569 Words   |  3 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s poem The Canterbury Tales a young Chaucer tells of the people he meets on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Beckett in Canterbury. One of the most vivacious characters on the pilgrimage is The Wife of Bath. Both the Wife of Bath’s prologue and tale share a common theme of a woman’s control in a relationship with a man. The Wife of Bath and the old hag in her tale share a similar perspective on what women want most in life. In the prologue and tale the reader is exposed to theRead MoreThe Use Of Satire In The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1406 Words   |  6 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, using his characters as the mouthpiece for his iconoclastic views. Chaucer had serious issues with the hypocrisy of the church as well as, many other sacred institutions. The only reason that Chaucer was not exiled or even imprisoned for his views is the way in which he exposed them. Through the allegorical meanings of this text and Chaucer’s claim that he is simply retelling the events of his pilgrimage to Canterbury as it occurred, Chaucer is savedRead M ore Powerful Satire in Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay3466 Words   |  14 PagesPowerful Satire in The Canterbury Tales If one theme can be considered overriding or defining throughout Medieval European society, it would most likely be the concept of social class structure. During this early historical period in Europe, most of society was divided into three classes or estates: the workers, the nobles, and the clerics. By Chaucers time, however, the powerful estate structure had begun to wear down. Weaknesses in the system became apparent, as many people, such as ChaucerRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer952 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, the life of the nobility compared to that of the poor proves to be a much harder life to live because of the many obligations and responsibilities. Chaucer ironically portrays this notion in The Nun’s Priest’s Tale, contrasting the easy life of the widow, who is poor, with Chanticleer, a rich rooster. The widow’s life is much easier because she does not have to worry about keeping up with the soci etal expectations of the rich. Whereas, Chanticleer, theRead MoreGood and Evil in Dante’s Divine Comedy and Chaucer’s The Wife of Bath1877 Words   |  8 Pagestwo opposing thought processes can be seen by looking at Dante’s Divine Comedy, and Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales: The Wife of Bath. Even though Dante and Chaucer never met, Dante died nineteen years before Chaucer was born, Dante inadvertently became Chaucer’s life long mentor. Dante’s severe spirit turned out to be far more harsh than Chaucer’s mild nature, however Dante’s protà ©gà ©, Boccaccio, became one of Chaucer’s greatest inspirations. While under Boccaccio’s wing Chaucer learned an appreciationRead MoreKnight And Squire In The Canterbury Tales Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales were written by Geoffrey Chaucer the 1300s, and told the story of twenty-nine travelers making a pilgrimage to Canterbury, England. The pilgrims wished to visit the relics of Saint Thomas Becket, in the Canterbury Cathedral. In the prologue, the narrator depicts each character and their demeanor. Two particular characters in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the Knight and Squire, help to exemplify the idea that wisdom and respect come with experience and age. The Knight’s wisdom andRead MoreCharacters in the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales are essentially a Chaucerian satire; the author sets out to deliberately upset the social order present at the time and proceeds to mock the faults innate in the characters. Chaucer gives a compressed view of characters such as the Knight and the Monk; in their descriptions, a preview of the kind of stories we can expect from these people is given. Take for example the Miller; his physical description alleviates him as a thick brute with a filthy mouth that was `moost of sin

The Movie Scream Queens - 1298 Words

From â€Å"Sons of Anarchy† to â€Å"Nip Tuck†, FX has created popular TV dramas over the years. However, none of them has had such significant popularity as Ryan Murphy’s â€Å"American Horror Story†, known for its blood and gore, and â€Å"Glee† known for its sharp social commentary. The creation of these TV series led to the drastic rise to stardom of Ryan Murphy’s career. Though â€Å"Glee’s† stint on TV has ended, it was a highly acclaimed series with high ratings. Today, â€Å"American Horror Story†, his project following â€Å"Glee†, is now one of TV’s highest rated series, which is an especially peculiar accomplishment for a TV series of this genre. Therefore, when the creation of a new horror TV series was announced, nothing but sheer greatness was expected.†¦show more content†¦Similar to Sontag’s â€Å"Notes On Camp†, which â€Å"proposes a comic vision of the world† (Sontag 288), Ryan Murphy’s â€Å"Scream Queens† utilizes comedy to portray issues prevalent in society today. By â€Å"dethroning the serious† (Sontag 288) and being â€Å"playful† (Sontag 288) and â€Å"anti-serious† (Sontag 288), â€Å"Scream Queens† effectively accomplishes this feat. The TV series â€Å"Scream Queens†, deals with numerous social issues in society such as homosexuality, racism and eating disorders. However, through its comedy and lack of seriousness, this series is able to provide a sense of bluntness and harsh reality of these issues. By adopting this unique approach, this TV series’ use of comedy works, as it depicts these social issues in its true light, which many believe are non-existent, subsequently leading to society’s ability to tackle these issues directly and ‘head on’. A serious issue of today’s society, which is referenced in the TV series â€Å"Scream Queens† is homophobia. In the show, actress Jenna Han who portrays the character Sam on the TV show, is bullied as a result of her sexuality. Other characters on the show nicknamed Sam â€Å"The Predatory Lez,’† as a result of Sam being a lesbian. The show attempts to highlight the struggles experienced by homosexuals in a comedic fashion. Nick Jonas’ character, Boone, like Jenna Han’s character, Sam, highlights the struggle homosexuals experience in an attempt to be accepted by society. Boone attempts to fit into a fraternity house by

7 Correctional Models Free Essays

[pic] SUBJECT SYLLABUS Prepared by: Bonifacio A. de Lara, Jr. SUBJECT CODE:Computer 1/10 COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY Diploma in Midwifery COLLEGE OF ARTS SCIENCES AND SOCIAL WORKS Bachelor of Arts and BSSW COLLEGE TEACHER EDUCATION BSE and BEEd COLLEGE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION BSTHRT, ATHRT, BSBA, 2 Year Certificate in Computer Secretarial and BSOA COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY ABTheo, BPTheo and BRE-ECE SUBJECT TITLE:Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Concepts UNITS:3 Units PRE-REQUISITE:None TYPE OF SUBJECT:Minor FACULTY:Bonifacio A. We will write a custom essay sample on 7 Correctional Models or any similar topic only for you Order Now de Lara, Jr. TERMS:First Semester / Second Semester ROOMS:EZE 201/ST 104 SUBJECT DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to teach the students the basics of computer education. It was designed in a manner that will allow the students to acquire a ladder-type education in information technology. SUBJECT PURPOSE OVERVIEW: Computer 10 is a course that enables students to familiarize themselves with the use of basic operations of a computer such as operating system, windows applications such as Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft PowerPoint with version 2003, respectively. STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: 1. Class Standing (CS) 2/3 of the TERM GRADE Attendance – students should not incur absences of more than 20% of the required attendance. Each absence would mean reduction of attendance rate by one step. †¢ Quizzes – there must be at least two quizzes per term period. Each quiz should contain ten to fifteen questions. †¢ Unit Test – there must be at least one unit test per term period. Each unit test should contain 20 to 30 points / question. †¢ Assignments – assignments should be given to students to further broaden their horizon on the subject matter. This must be given equivalent rating for purpose s of computing the term grade. Graded Recitation – this should be given once every term grade. †¢ Other Factors – other factors which should be determined at the start of classes may be included depending upon the nature of the course, like projects, term papers, research works, workbooks, etc. For the above purpose, each factor or item should be assigned a corresponding percentage. The total weight of the Class Standing is equal to 2/3 of the total term grade. 2. Term Test (1/3) †¢ Prelim Test (PT) †¢ Midterm Test (MT) †¢ Final Test (FT) In determining the term grade, the Term Test is equal to 1/3 of the Class Standing in each term period. 3. Formula in Computing the Term Grade †¢ PG = [(CS X 2) + PT] / 3 †¢ MG = {[(CS X 2) + MT] / 3} 2 + PG 3 †¢ FG = {[CS X 2) + FT] / 3}2 + MG 3 NCC THEME The Administration, Faculty, Staff and Students of Northern Christian College N – Nurtured in Christ C – Centered in Christ C – Committed in Christ NCC CREDO Northern Christian College seeks a life of faith, learning and action that will develop the person into becoming intellectually competent and honest, morally and ethically sensitive, and creatively aware and responsive to the needs, aspirations and realization of Just, Free and Responsible Christian social order. NCC MISSION The Mission of Northern Christian College is the training of the spiritual, intellectual, social and physical faculties of the youth of the Philippines with special emphasis upon the development of Christian character as exemplified by the life and teaching of Jesus Christ. NCC VISION A just free and responsible community made up of people who are intellectually competent and honest and morally and ethically sensitive to the needs and aspiration of the society I. SOFTWARE – set of instructions written in a code / programs Computers do something you probably wish people did: they do exactly what you tell them to do. They follow instructions. In fact, the only thing they do is follow instructions. Without instructions, they just sit there, as useless as that proverbial bump on a log. A list of instructions that tells a computer what to do is called PROGRAM or SOFTWARE. TYPES OF SOFTWARE I. SYSTEM SOFTWARE – designed to allow the computer to manage its own resources and run basic operations. A. OPERATING SYSTEM -is a collection of programs that oversees all computer operations. Examples: 1. DOS 5. 0/DOS 6. 0 [pic] 2. Linux [pic] 3. Unix [pic] 4. Windows 3. 00, 3. , 95, 98, ME, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8 [pic] B. PRORAGRAMMING LANGUAGES Levels of Languages: a. Machine Lang – represents data 1’s 0’s (Binary Nos. ) b. Assembly Lang. – low – level (Uses Mnemonic Codes) [pic] c. High – Level Lang. – Procedural [pic] d. Very High – Level Lang. – OOP or 4GL’s [pic] e. Natural Lang. [pic] II. APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE – designed a nd written to perform a particular kind of work/task; allows to increase productivity and creativity A. WORD PROCESSING – is an application program designed for manipulating text; used for writing, editing and rewriting. Examples: 1. Wordstar 2. MS-Word 3. Pagemaker 4. WordPerfect [pic][pic][pic] B. SPREADSHEET – Is a microcomputer program that provides increased calculation accuracy, easy updating, and the ability to recalculate column and row totals quickly under different sets of assumption. Examples: 1. Lotus 123 2. MS-Excel 3. Quattro Pro [pic][pic][pic] C. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – A software used to organize, analyze, search for update, and retrieve data. Purpose: Is to organize collections of data. Examples: 1. Dbase Plus 2. Foxbase 3. Access 4. Visual Basic Any collection of data can be made easier to maintain and much more accessible: membership files, checking accounts, restaurant reservations mailing lists, employee records. [pic][pic][pic][pic] D. GRAPHICS PROGRAMS – software that lets you create pictures 1. Paint Programs- used to create bit-mapped images. Examples: Paint, Adobe Photoshop 2. Draw Programs – create object-oriented images. Tools to draw lines, rectangles, circles and ovals. 3. Presentation Programs is designed to further assist the user in creating and generating professional looking such as slides, visuals effects and sounds. the most meaningful of this program is its multimedia Presentations can be supplied movies, music and animation. Examples: CorelDraw Presentation, PowerPoint, 4. Computer-Assisted Design (CAD) – used to produce three-dimensional images composed of circles, arcs, and straight lines. – it create any object, whether it’s a house, ship engine, bottle, or sneaker. Examples: AutoCAD E. DESKTOP PUBLISHING – Is designed to create publishing programs such as newsletters, brochures, cards, forms and business memos. Examples: Print Artist, Publisher, CorelDraw, Newsmaster, Photoshop, F. EDUCATION AND TRAINING – Is designed primarily for academic and training. TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE: 1. Tutorials – programs use step-by-step instructions to teach facts, skills, and concepts. Tutorials are rather like textbooks, except that they are interactive. Example: How to operate a piece of equipment, use punctuation, read music, play the guitar and program computer. 2. Drill and practice – programs are used to reinforce skills in subjects such as arithmetic, spelling, speed reading, foreign languages, and typing. 3. Simulations – programs imitate real events. It reinforce facts and concepts. How do you pilot a plane? -What decisions need to be made to improve your candidate’s chances of election? -What challenges would you as head, and how would you handle those challenges? G. GENERAL BUSINESS PROGRAMS – Software that help people run their businesses. Example: 1. If you’re thinking of launching a new product or business, th ere are programs designed to help you develop and implement a business plan. 2. If you don’t have an employee manual, there are programs that contain dozens of company policy statements, which you can use verbatim or edit to meet your specific needs. Examples of GBPs 1. Accounting software – record financial transactions, prepares invoices, calculates each employee’s taxes and other deductions. 2. Project Management Software – helps managers plan and keep track of the tasks resources, time schedules, and cost of project. 3. Statistical Packages – are powerful tools that use a variety of calculations to analyze large sets of data. 4. Decision Support Tools – designed to help define the important criteria involved in making a particular decision. -Assigning a numerical value, or weight, to each criterion. Then you score each of your options to see which ranks highest. H. SELF-IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM – These are computer programs for almost personal interest or activity. This small sampling gives you a sense of the scope of what’s available: 1. Garden planners – help you choose plans best suited for your geographical area, lay out your garden, and determine optimal planting and harvesting dates. 2. Geneology program – help you organize information about your ancestors and create family trees. 3. Home inventory programs – for people who have everything, or at least want to protect everything they have against financial loss in case of fire, theft, or natural disaster. . Wedding planners – help people prepare guest lists, schedule events, choose honeymoon destinations, and keep tract of estimated and actual expenses. HEALTH AND FITNESS 1. Medical programs – provide information on diseases, injuries, medical tests, immunizations, nutrition, dieting, and fitness, and make diagnoses based on an analysis of your symptoms. 2. Biofeedback programs – designed to teach you how to handle stress, how to relax, even how to control blood pressure and heart rate. MONEY MATTERS 1. Money managers– organized your bills, write checks, reconcile accounts, track insurance policies, set up stock and bond portfolio rate. 2. Tax programs– guide you through tax preparation, from compiling the necessary data to printing out tax forms for federal and state income taxes.. I. ENTERTAINMENT PROGRAM – Designed for enjoyment. GAME SOFTWARE 1. Arcades – Games that let you shoot at aliens or some other targets and try to pile up ever-higher scores. 2. Fantasy role-playing games – Text-based stories in which you constantly have to make decisions: Which path should I follow? Are these people to be trusted? What’s the meaning of riddle? Is this safe drink? 3. Games of chance and skill – Electronic versions of card games such as bridge and poker, board games such as Monopoly and Scrabble, and TV shows such as Jeopardy, and Wheel of Fortune. 4. Simulations – games that use graphics and sound effects to imitate real-life situations, giving you the chance to live vicariously as you pilot a jet fighter, drive a Formula One car, play pool. J. UTILITY PROGRAMS – Designed to perform certain housekeeping and maintenance tasks. They improve your efficiency of your computer system, protect the system against various disasters. *Most utilities are memory-resident program. They remain in the computer’s memory at all times. You can access them instantly, even when you’re in the middle of an application. *Many utilities are packaged with operating systems and application programs. Example: -utilities include with MS-DOS can display a list of files stored on a disk, copy files. -Erase unwanted files on a disk. -Spell checkers and thesauruses included in the word processing packages also can be a thought of as utilities. ADDITIONAL UTILITIES THAT ARE SOLD SEPARATELY, useful utilities include: 1. File recovery program – used to recover files that are mistakenly erased from a floppy or hard disk. 2. Compressors –used to compress data, giving extra space to fit more files into a hard or floppy disk. 3. Macro makers –performing the same sequence of commands over and over is time-consuming. 4. Printer utilities –programs enhance printer operations by allowing to schedule print times, drive multiple printers simultaneously, print spreadsheets sideways. 5. Screen Savers–designed to unburned images into the screen. 6. Anti-virus – protect computers and computer networks against programs called Virus. K. MULTIMEDIA – Designed to perform editing, recording/ rewriting, designing movies and other media related. You can listen music and watch movies. Text and graphics can be enhanced to with audio, video, and animation by using the techniques of multimedia production. VISUAL DATA †¢ Data used in presentation or free-drawing graphics package is already digitized for storage and processing by a computer. A toolbox in multimedia software allows a developer at the video firm to examine and edit, frame by frame, a video. L. COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE – allow a PC equipped w/ a modem to connect w/ other PC through phone lines to exchange information. IX. MICROSOFT OFFICE EXCEL [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] A. WHAT IS A M. S. EXCEL-Experimenting in a Cell ? Developed by Microsoft Corporation ? An electronic spreadsheet used to manipulate numerical data with formulas and built-in functions ? Consist of 65,536 rows 256 columns ? An Excel file is a workbook B. FEATURES 1. The keyboard is used for data entry. 2. Performs various mathematical operation. 3. Worksheets can be saved and retrieved for further editing. . Automatic calculations. 5. Supports database, graphics, embedding objects and presentations. 6. Cross-referencing of multiple sheets. 7. Creating multiple charts. 8. Multiple levels of Undo C. WHY DO WE USE EXCEL 1. It helps the data to be manipulated repeatedly 2. Facilitates changes made to the figures 3. Auto computation of correction 4. Data are enhanced by its various graphical presentation 5. It is a user friendly program 6. Avoid repetition of work 7. Saves storage space [pic][pic][pic][pic] D. USES OF EXCEL 1. Preparation of Financial Reports . Sales and Costs Analysis 3. Stock and Inventory Control 4. Effective in Sales Forecasting 5. for Budgeting E. PERFORMING CALCULATION Formulas – procedures used to solve a specific mathematical problem Arithmetic operators – mathematical symbols used in formulas; identify the process or action to be taken in order to solve the problem Operand ExampleOperatorsSymbols Constant value 2Addition + Cell reference A1Subtraction – Range reference A1:B2Multiplication * Label Jan SalesDivision / Range name RevenuePercent % Function Sum(A1:B4)Exponential ^ Syntax – format understood by a program in order to properly execute and implement a process * Microsoft Excel syntax, includes an equal sign (=) followed by the operands and the operators like Examples:= 2 + 3 = A1 – B6 =3 * A5 =Sales / Months =5 ^ 4 [pic][pic][pic][pic] Operator precedence Operator Description : (colon) (single space)Reference Operators , (comma) – Negation (as in –1) % Percent ^ Exponentiation * and / Multiplication and division + and – Addition and subtraction Connects two strings of text (concatenation) = ; ; = Comparison Relative References when a formula is created, references to cells or ranges are usually based on their position relative to the cell that contains the formula; when you copy the formula, Excel will automatically paste the adjusted references in the destination cells relative to the position of the formula Absolute References †¢ used when you do not want to adjust the references in formula when copying F unctions †¢ predefined formulas that perform calculations by using specific values called arguments, in a particular order or structure †¢ arguments can be constants, formulas or functions Other commonly used functions are shown in the following table. Function Name Description Result MAX()Find the largest number from the arguments =MAX(20,25,15)Result: 25 MIN() Find the smallest number from the arguments=MIN(20,25,15) Result: 15 AVERAGE() Find the average for the arguments =AVERAGE(20,25,15) Result: 20 COUNT() Counts number of cells that contains=COUNT(1,4,B,3,20) number from the argumentsResult: 4 COUNTA() Counts number of cells that are not=COUNTA(1,4,B,3,20) empty from the argumentsResult: 5 *Some functions do not need an argument in the parenthesis. Function NameDescription Result Today() Returns current date =Today()Result: 9/4/03 Now() Returns current date and time =Now()Result: 9/4/03 12:20 ADVANCED FORMULAS Using Logical Functions †¢ help you compare the values or expression hat Excel can evaluate as TRUE or FALSE. Excel then uses the results to perform actions or return the answers you are looking for. A. IF Function Syntax:=IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false) Logical Test – used to compare the values/expressions that can be evaluated as TRUE or FALSE; â€Å" † – used for text returns Value_if_true = value that is returned if the logical test is true; return the word TRUE if leave blank Value_if_false = value that is returned if the logical test is false; return the word FALSE if leave blank B. NESTED IF Function – used if there are few conditions and few return values C. OR Function †¢ to evaluate if ANY of the arguments (logical test) is TRUE †¢ up to 30 arguments can be used; as long as one of the †¢ as long as one of the arguments is true, it will return a TRUE Syntax:=OR(logical_test1,logical_test2,†¦.. ) Example Return OR(TRUE,TRUE,TRUE) TRUE OR(TRUE,TRUE,FALSE) TRUE OR(FALSE,TRUE,FALSE) TRUE OR(FALSE,FALSE,FALSE) FALSE D. AND Function †¢ to evaluate if ALL of the arguments (logical test) is TRUE †¢ up to 30 arguments can be used; as long as one of the †¢ as long as one of the arguments is false, it will return a FALSE Syntax:=AND(logical_test1,logical_test2,†¦.. ) Example Return AND(TRUE,TRUE,TRUE) TRUE AND(TRUE,TRUE,FALSE) FALSE AND(FALSE,TRUE,FALSE) FALSE AND(FALSE,FALSE,FALSE) FALSE E. COUNT IF Function †¢ Counts the number of cells within the range that meets the riteria †¢ Range – cells that you want to compare with criteria †¢ Criteria – condition in a form of text, number or expression that defines which cells will be counted Syntax: =COUNT IF(range, criteria) G. PARTS OF MS EXCEL [pic] 1. Title Bar – Displays the program name and the workbook name you are working on. 2. Menu Bar – Displays and access the drop-down menus that co ntain the Excel command options. 3. Standard Toolbar – Contains a number of buttons, which you click using the mouse, to carry out some of the more commonly used command options. 4. Formatting Toolbar – Contains a number of buttons that help you change the format or appearance of text, such as bold and underlined. 5. Name Box – Shows the selected cell, drawing object or chart item. You can also name a selected cell / range or move to the selected cell / range. 6. Formula Bar – Displays the content (value or formula) of the active cell. You can also edit the formula using the formula bar. 7. Active Cell – The selected cell in which data is entered when you begin typing. Only one cell is active at a time. The active cell is bounded by a heavy border. 8. Column Heading – Shows the column reference letter. 9. Row Heading – Shows the row reference number. 10. Sheet Tab – Shows the sheet name. 11. Horizontal Scroll Bar or Vertical Scroll Bar –Help you to scroll through your worksheet using the mouse. 12. Status Bar – Displays information about a selected command or an operation in progress. The right side of the status bar shows whether the keys (CAPS LOCK, SCROLL LOCK, or NUM LOCK) are turned on. 13. Task Pane – Display useful common tasks such as creating and opening a workbook. There are task panes with different contents that help you do your work. The contents of the task pane is context-sensitive, depending on what task you are performing. H. KEYBOARD PRESS Press Move to: One cell to the right One cell to the left v One cell to the down ^ One cell to the up + Last cell to the right of the current region + First cell to the left of the current region + v Last cell to the bottom of the current region + ^ First cell to the top of the current region First cell in the row + First cell in the worksheet + Last cell in the worksheet which contains data Page Down One screen down Page Up One screen up + Page Down One screen right Page Up One screen up I. CREATING VARIOUS CHART TYPES Chart ? graphic representation of worksheet data that interprets information, analyzes and compares data clearly ? can be formatted by adding a legend, chart title, adding pictures, markers or make an embedded chart ? visually appealing and make it easy for users to see comparisons, patterns, and trends in data Chart Wizard ? a series of dialog boxes that lead you through all the steps necessary to create an effective chart 1. How to Create a Chart ? Using Chart Wizard ? Using Chart toolbar 2. Create a Chart Using the ChartWizard ? Choose the data range you want to chart. ? Be sure to include the data you want to chart, the column and row labels in the range. ? Click the ChartWizard form the Toolbar. ? Select Chart Type. ? Choose the Chart sub-type. ? Click Press and Hold the view sample button to preview the selection. ? Choose Next. Make sure the correct data range is selected. ? Select the appropriate Chart option button to plot data series in row or in columns. ? Choose Next. ? Select the Chart Location you want to place the chart on a new sheet or on an existing sheet. If you choose to place the chart on existing sheet rather than on a new sheet, the chart is called Embedded Objects. ? Click Finish. 3. Enhancing a Chart ? You may choose the Format menu and click Select e. g. Select Chart Title or double-click a particular object. ? Chart Toolbar Icons: †¢ Chart Object – Indicates the name of the selected object †¢ Format – The properties of the object †¢ Legend – To turn ON/OFF the legend †¢ Data Table – To turn ON/Off the display of the data †¢ By row – Selects data series in a row †¢ By Column – Selects data series in a column †¢ Angle Text – Text Alignment . Adding a Title ? Choose a chart to which you want to add a title to. ? Click the Chart menu, and then click Chart options. ? Choose Titles. ? Type the text you want for the title of chart. ? To add a title to the x-axis press Tab and Text. ? If you want a second line for the x or y-axis, press Tab to move to the second category or Value box, and then type the title text. ? Preview the Title(s) you add. 5. Adding or Deleting a Legend ? Choose the chart you want to add or delete a legend. ? Click the Legend from the Chart toolbar, and drag the legend to move it to its new location. . Adding a Text Box ? Click the Arrow icon. ? Move the mouse to the location where you want the arrow to be placed. ? Click and drag to the new position, then release the mouse. 7. Adding a Pattern and Border to the Text ? Double-click the text you want to format, or select the text, then choose the Format menu, and select the Patterns. ? Choose the Border style you want from the options on the left side of the dialog box. ? Press Enter. 8. Select a Different Chart Type ? For most 2-D charts, you can change the chart type of either a data series or entire charts. For the bubble charts, you can only change the type of the entire chart. ? For 3-D charts, changing the chart type affects the entire chart. ? For 3-D bar and column charts, you can change a data series to the cone, cylinder, or pyramid type. 9. Changing the Chart Type ? To change the chart type, perform any of the following: †¢ For the entire chart, click Chart. †¢ For the data series, click the Data Series. ? On the Chart menu, click Chart Type. ? On the Standard Types tab, click the Chart type you want. If you are hanging the chart type for one-data series and not the entire chart, be sure the Apply to Selection check box is selected. †¢ To apply the cone, cylinder, or pyramid chart type to a 3-D bar or column data series, click Cylinder, Cone or Pyramid in the Chart Type box on the Standard types tab, and then select the Apply to Selection check box. 10. Rotate Chart Title Text or Axis Text ? Click the title or the axis you want to format. ? If you clicked a chart title, click Selected Chart Title on the Format menu. †¢ If you clicked an axis title, click Selected Axis or Selected Axis Title ion the Format menu. Check the Alignment tab. †¢ If you don’t see the Alignment tab, click Cancel, click Outside of the text you want to format and then repeat the procedure. ? To rotate text, under Orientation, click a degree point, or drag the indication to the position you want. ? Note: When you have more than on level or category axis labels, only the first level can be rotated. 11. Select Chart Item s ? Click the Chart item you want. †¢ The data series, data labels, and the legend have individual elements that can be selected after you select the group. 12. Changing the View of a 3-D Chart ? Click the 3-D chart you want to change. Select the options you want. When the Right Angle Axis check box is cleared, you can set the Perspective and Height options. †¢ When the Right Angle Axis check box is selected, you can either set the Height option or turn the Auto Scaling option on. 13. Changing the Rotation and Elevation in a 3-D Chart ? Using the menus: †¢ Click the 3- Chart you want to change. †¢ On the Chart menu, click 3-D View. †¢ Select the options you want. ? Using the mouse: †¢ Click the intersection of any two axes to select the corners of the chart. †¢ Drag a corner to adjust the elevation and rotation in the chart. 14. Changing Number Formats in Charts ? If you change the number formatting in a chart, the number formatting is no longer linked to the worksheet cells. †¢ To format labels along an axis, double-click the appropriate axis. To format the data labels or a trend line label, double-click the item. †¢ On the number tab, select the options you want. 15. Printing a Chart ? Select the File menu, and choose the Page Setup command. ? Click the Page Setup button if you made some changes in the settings. ? Click the File menu, and choose the Page Setup command. ? Select the chart size button for the option you want. Press Enter. ? Choose the File Print Preview command if you want to view the chart in the Preview mode before it is printed. ? Click the File menu, and click the Print command. The Print Dialog Box appears on the screen. ? Click Enter. 16. Printing an Embedded Chart Embedded Chart ? chart that is placed on a worksheet rather than on a separate chart sheet; useful when you want to view or print a chart on a PivotChart Report with its source data or information in a worksheet; you can adjust where the chart will print on the page by sizing and moving the chart with the mouse in page Break View ? Click the worksheet outside the Chart area. ? Click Page Break Preview in the View menu. 17. Printing a Chart Sheet ? Click the tab from the Chart Sheet. ? Click Page Setup on the File menu. ? Select the options you want on the Chart tab. J. SAVING AN EXCEL 1. From the menu, click File ;; Save As. The Save As dialog box appears. [pic] 2. In the File name box, type Excel Training. Excel has already entered a placeholder name in the File name box before you type your own file name. Since the name is highlighted. You just need to type in the new file name to overwrite it without having to click in the box. pic] 3. Click the Save button. The file is saved in the default folder My Documents folder. K. Formatting Cell Using Menu Options You can format the cell using Format Cells dialog box from the menu. From the menu, click Format ;; Cells, the Format Cells dialog box appears as shown below. [pic] Tab Description Number Specify the format style of the context in a cell. Alignment Specify text alignment, text control and text orientation. Font Specify font, font style, font size, font color, font effect and underline. Border Specify border color and line style. Patterns Specify the cell pattern and color. Protection Protect the cell to be locked to avoid changes and formula to be hidden from viewer. L. TOOLBARS 1. The Standard toolbar [pic] This entire toolbar could become a floating window by double-clicking on the control bar at the far left end of this toolbar. That gives the following window, which can be placed anywhere on the screen: [pic] This toolbar can be restored to its original position by clicking in the gray bar at the top and dragging it back to the top of the screen. Push the top of the window up to the bottom of the menu bar. Function of commonly used buttons | |[pic] |Creates a new blank document based on the default template |[pic] |Opens or finds a file | |[pic] |Saves the active file with its current file name, location and file format |[pic] |Prints the active file – for more print options go to the File menu and select Print| |[pic] |Print preview – Shows how the document will look when you print it. [p ic] |Spelling, grammar and writing style checker | |[pic] |Cut – Removes the selection from the document and places it on the clipboard |[pic] |Copy – Copies the selected item(s) to the clipboard | |[pic] |Paste – Places the content of the clipboard at the insertion point |[pic] |Format painter – Copies the format from a selected object or text and applies to | | | | |other objects or text | |[pic] |Undo – Reverses the last command, use pull-down menu to undo several steps |[pic] |Redo – Reverses the action of the Undo button, use the pull-down menu to redo | | | | |several steps | |[pic] |Auto Sum – Adds numbers automatically, and suggests the range of numbers to be added|[pic] |Sort Ascending – Sorts selected items from the beginning of the alphabet, the lowest| | | |number or the earliest date | |[pic] |Sort Descending – Sorts selected items from the end of the alphabet, the highest |[pic] |Chart Wizard – Gu ides you through the steps for creating an embedded chart (graph) | | |number or the latest date | | | |[pic] |Displays or hides the Drawing toolbar |[pic] |Zoom – Enlarge or reduce the display of the active document | 2. The Formatting toolbar [pic] This entire toolbar could become a floating window by double-clicking on the control bar at the far left end of this toolbar. That gives the following window, which can be placed anywhere on the screen: [pic] This toolbar can be restored to its original position by clicking in the gray bar at the top and dragging it back to the top of the screen. Push the top of the window up to the bottom of the menu bar. Function of commonly used buttons | |[pic] |Changes the font of the selected text |[pic] |Changes the size of selected text and numbers | |[pic] |Makes selected text and numbers bold |[pic] |Makes selected text and numbers italic | |[pic] |Underlines selected text and numbers |[pic] |Aligns to the left with a ragged right marg in | |[pic] |Centers the selected text [pic] |Aligns to the right with a ragged left margin | |[pic] |Merge and Center – Merges two or more selected cells and centers the entry |[pic] |Currency Style – Formats selected text to display currency style | |[pic] |Percent Style – Formats selected cells to display percent |[pic] |Comma Style – Formats selected cells to display commas in large numbers | |[pic] |Increase Decimal – Increases the number of decimals displayed after the decimal point|[pic] |Decrease Decimal – Decreases the number of decimals displayed after the | | | | |decimal point | |[pic] |Decreases the indent to the previous tab stop |[pic] |Indents the selected paragraph to the next tab stop | |[pic] |Adds or removes a border around selected text or objects |[pic] |Marks text so that it is highlighted and stands out | |[pic] |Formats the selected text with the color you click | | | 3. The Drawing toolbar [pic] This entire toolba r could become a floating window by double-clicking on the control bar at the far left end of this toolbar. That gives the following window, which can be placed anywhere on the screen: [pic] This toolbar can be restored to its original position by clicking in the gray bar at the top and dragging it back to the top of the screen. Push the top of the window up to the bottom of the menu bar. |Function of commonly used buttons | |[pic] |A pull own menu with several |[pic] |Changes the pointer to a selection arrow | | |drawing options | | | |[pic] |Rotates the selected object to any degree |[pic] |A pull down menu with several libraries of shapes | |[pic] |Draws a line where you click and drag. Hold the Shift key down to make the|[pic] |Inserts a line with an arrowhead where you click and drag | | |line straight | | | |[pic] |Draws a rectangle where you click and drag. Hold down Shift to draw a |[pic] |Draws an oval where you click and drag. Hold down Shift to draw a circle | | |square | | | |[pic] |Draws a text box where you click and drag |[pic] |Create text effects with Word Art | |[pic] |Add, modify, or remove fill color from a selected object |[pic] |Add, modify, or remove line color | |[pic] |Formats the selected text with the color you click |[pic] |Changes the thickness of lines | |[pic] |Selects dash style for dashed lines |[pic] |Select arrow style; placement and shape of arrowhead | |[pic] |A pull down menu offers shadow choices |[pic] |Add 3-d effects to rectangles or ovals | M. MENU 1. File menu |[pic] |New – Opens a new document. If you use the keyboard combination indicated on the right a blank document opens immediately. Selecting the New menu | | |item with your cursor gives the opportunity to open a large number of types of documents. | |Open – Opens a previously saved document. | | |Close – Closes the active document but does not quit the application. | | |Save – Saves the active document with its current file name, location and format. | | |Save As – Saves by opening a window which gives the opportunity to change the file name, location or format. | | |Page Setup – Sets margins, paper size, orientation and other layout options. Grid lines don’t show up when you print? Go to the sheet tab in this | | |window | | |Print Preview – Shows how the file will look when you print it. | | |Print – Prints the active file, also gives the opportunity to change print options | | |Exit – Closes Microsoft Excel | 2. Edit menu |Undo – The actual entry of this item will depend on what you did last. In my example I had typed, so that was displayed. This selection can be |[pic] | |repeated several times. | | |Redo – After an action has been undone, it can be reinstated in the document. | | |Cut – Removes the selection from the active document and places it on the clipboard. | | |Copy – Copies the selection to the clipboard, the cell from which information is copied remains highlighted | | |Paste – Inserts the contents of the clipboard at the insertion point (cursor) or whatever is selected. | |Paste Special – Ten choices are available when making this selection; examples include pasting formulas, values, and comments. | | |Fill – Fill contents of a selected cell Up, Down, Left or Right | | |Clear – Deletes the selected object or text, but does not place it on the clipboard. Four choices are available; All, Format, Contents or Comments | | |Delete – This menu entry can be used to delete entire rows or columns. | |Find – Searches for specified text in the active do cument | | |Replace – Searches for and replaces specified text and formatting. | | 3. View menu |[pic] |Normal – The default document view for most word processing tasks. | | |Page Break Preview – Before printing, make sure the page breaks appear where you want them | | |Toolbars – Displays or hides toolbars. The right pointing arrow indicates a list of toolbars. To add one slide down to the name of the toolbar and | | |click to select. | |Formula Bar – Remove or display the bar which displays cell address and data entered into the active cell | | |Header and Footer – Adds or changes the text that is displayed at the top or bottom of every page of the document | | |Comments – Hidden comment give further information about cell contents. Comments are displayed when you move the cursor into the cell, however this | | |command causes all comments on a page to be displayed. | | |Full Screen – Hides most screen elements so you can se e more of your document | | |Zoom – Controls how large, or small, the current document appears on the screen. | 4. Insert menu [pic] |Cells – Use this command to insert a cell. A pop-up window allows you to move existing data down or to the right. You can also insert rows or columns with | | |this window. | | |Rows – Inserts a new row in the spreadsheet, above the row that contains the active cell. | | |Columns – Inserts a new column in the spreadsheet, to the left of the column that contains the active cell. | | |Worksheet – By default, an Excel workbook is made up of three worksheets. You may insert as many additional sheets as you require. Sheets are inserted in | | |front of the current worksheet. | | |Chart – This adds a chart of the selected data, or of the entire worksheet if you have no data selected. | | |Page Break – Inserts page breaks above and to the left of the active cell. To avoid adding a page break to the left, make sure a cell in Column A is | | |selected before inserting the break. | | |Function – Opens the Paste Function window allowing the selection of a specific equation to go in the active cell. | |Comment- Have something to say about the contents of a cell? Add a small note with the appearance of a Post-It note. | | |Picture – Insert pictures from clip art or a file. You can also insert auto shapes, word art, or a chart. | | |Object – Insert an object such as clip art, word art, an equation or much more. | | |Hyperlink – An interesting use of hyperlinks is to place a link to any document stored on your computer. You can later open that document by clicking on | | |the link. If you want to see an example of an Excel worksheet using hyperlinks to Internet sites, download a copy and open it with Excel. | 1. Format menu 2. |Cells – Format the way a number is displayed, alignment of data in the cell(s), font (size, color, style, etc. ), borders and colors for the |[pic] | |selected cells, and you may also lock the contents of a cell here. | | |Row – Specify a row height, choose auto-fit, and hide or un-hide the selected row. | | |Column – Specify a column width, choose auto-fit, hide or un-hide the selected column, or choose the standard width for a column. | |Sheet – Here you can rename the sheet if sheet 1 is not descriptive enough (and it’s not), you can hide or un-hide a sheet, or you can tile an | | |image in the background of the entire sheet. | | |Auto Format- There are sixteen pre-designed formats to change the look of your spreadsheet. You may apply the format to the entire sheet or only | | |to selected cell s. | | |Style – Opens a Style window which will lead to the Format Cells window if you wish to Modify the format. | | 6. Tools menu [pic] |Spelling†¦ – Check spelling in your document | | |AutoCorrect†¦ – Define, or turn off automatic corrections. If you tend to make a particular keystroke error often, and it is not in the | | |dictionary, you can add it here. | | |Share Workbook†¦ – Choose this option if you want several users to work on the data in the same workbook simultaneously. Make it | | |available on your network and anyone with access can make changes. | | |Protection – You can password protect a single sheet of a workbook, or the entire workbook. One obvious application would be to protect a| | |worksheet which you are using as your grade book. | | |Customize†¦ – Select/Deselect toolbars to be displayed with your workbook, or add buttons to existing toolbars. | | |Options†¦ If you do not like something Excel does automatically, or if you know it should be doing something automatically and it is | | |not, this is where you turn those features on or off. One thing I use a lot here is removing gridlines from a worksheet so I can draw a | | |graphic organizer. | N. PRINTING 1. Select the range A2:B6. You want to set this range as the print area. Whenever you print your worksheet, only the contents in the print area will be printed. [pic] 2. From the menu, click File ;; Print Area ;; Set Print Area. A dashed outline appears around the Print Area, as shown below. [pic] Click the print preview button to preview the printout. Only the cells in the print area would be printed. [pic] 3. From the menu, click File ;; Print Area ;; Clear Print Area. If you do not set a print area, the entire worksheet will be printed. O. PAGE SET-UP A. Orientation 1. From the menu, click File ;; Page Setup. Click the Page tab. The Page Setup dialog box appears, as shown below. 2. Under Orientation, click the Landscape option. The default orientation is portrait. [pic] 3. Click the OK button. The orientation of the page is set to landscape (horizontal). B. Scaling 1. From the menu, click File ;; Page Setup. Click the Page tab. Page Setup dialog box appears, as shown below. 2. Under Scaling, in the Adjust to box, type 150. You can click the up arrow in the box to increase the number. [pic] 3. Click the OK button. The size of the printout on the worksheet increases. C. Paper Size 1. From the menu, click File ;; Page Setup. Click the Page tab. Page Setup dialog box appears, as shown below. 2. Click the Paper size drop-down arrow. Click the paper size you want from the list. The number of paper size appears in the list depends on the printer you are using. [pic] 3. Click the OK button. The paper size changes. D. Page Margin 1. From the menu, click File ;; Page Setup. Click the Margins tab. Page Setup dialog box appears, as shown below. 2. In the Top, Left, Right and Bottom boxes, type the margin you want to change. The margin is in inch in this example. [pic] 3. Click the OK button. The margin is set. P. PRINT PREVIEW 1. From the menu, click File ;; Print Preview. Print Preview window appears. Use the command buttons in the Print Preview window to carry out more actions. [pic] Use the command buttons in the Print Preview window to carry out more actions. Button Action Next Display the next page Previous Displays the previous page Zoom Enlarge / reduce the content in the preview screen Print Print the current selection with printing options Setup Setup the page Margins Display or hides margin handles Page Break PreviewDisplay page break preview for you to adjust the page break Normal View Display in normal view Close Close the print preview window 2. Click the Close button. The preview window closes and returns to the worksheet. [pic][pic] ———————– LECTURE NOTES | COMP1/10 | INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE CONCEPTS B. A. DE LARA, JR. | CBE – FACULTY | NORTHERN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE | LAOAG CITY |  ©2012 NORTHERN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE â€Å"The Institution for Better Life† Laoag City [pic] How to cite 7 Correctional Models, Essay examples

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on Commercial Market

Abstract An unmanned aerial vehicle is a powered machine which operates without the intervention of a human being. Aerodynamic forces are used to provide the thrust to lift the vehicle. It can also fly autonomously or under the remote control of a pilot. The features of the unmanned aerial vehicle are expandability and recoverability. The UAVs are also able to carry lethal and non-lethal payloads.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on Commercial Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The challenges preventing the UAV from launching in the commercial market are many which include inappropriate air regulations that govern all the unmanned aerial vehicles, affordability in terms of price and customization, liability for the civil operation, capacity involving the adaptability of payloads, unreliable frequencies of non-military nature of civil operations, technology developments, training issues of operators and customer perception (Finocchio, Prasad Ruggieri, 2008, p. 67). This research seeks to analyze the aspect of affordability which consists of price and customization. It will also examine the aspect of training issues of operators and customer perception. Two Challenges Preventing UAV from Entering the Commercial Market and Their Problems The first challenge is the affordability of the unmanned aerial vehicles. In analyzing the challenge of affordability, the first factor to consider is the flight cost per hour. Many agencies opt not to drop their pilot operations because the flight cost per hour of the UAVs is too high. Secondly, there is the aspect of non-recurring costs. The process of integrating the payload onto the aircraft is usually very costly (Angelov, 2012, p. 58). In some instances, the nature of the payload requires modifications of the aircraft to be done. This turns out to be very expensive and in some instances not feasible. The vehicle transp ort is also another non-recurring expenses. The UAVs have to be transported to their target market and the process of flying the UAVs or ground shipment is very costly when using any method. The cost of catering for the support personnel’s travel expenses also forms a non-recurring cost. Technicians are required for the purposes of UAV set up, maintenance, ground operation and dealing with the payloads. In addition, there is the aspect of aircraft acquisition, obtaining an aircraft for their mission, which is unrealistic to some individuals. In cases where an organization is a UAV operator or owner, the price of maintaining a coast guard patrol might be very high.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recurring expenses refer to the costs that are proportional to the number of hours the UAV is in operation. The first recurring cost is the direct cost when the UAV is being flown. During this process, the price of fuel and oil proves to be very demanding. More so, the cost of routine maintenance involved and is proportional to the number of hours. The second recurring cost is insurance. The amount of risk assumed determines the cost of premiums that will be computed. In the case of UAVs, the amount of risk is very massive, and this makes the cost of premiums unfavorable. Communication support services are also another recurring cost. The cost of communication is determined by the bandwidth that the transmission requires. It is imperative to include the cost of communication for each hour the UAV is being flown. Finally, data analysis forms the last recurring cost, which is also proportional to the time which the UAV is being flown. The reducing cost is also another aspect of cost (Baik, 2005, p.97). The costs of development, acquisition and operation are high in the civil market. The procurement costs for the UAVs are high and, considering the commerci al market the costs, will be very massive. Also, the cost of recruiting the required personnel to set up and operate the UAVs is massive. Another reducing cost is loss of the payloads, the payloads cost millions of shillings, and it would be a very severe loss if the payloads are lost. The system reliability is also another cost, component failures occur, and this might be very hard to cope with especially in the commercial market. The second challenge this research analyzes is the training on issues of operators and customer perception. The skills required to handle the UAVs are very complex and advanced. It is not possible for every individual in the commercial market to be able to have these skills (Glackin Peltzer, 2009, p. 34). The maintenance and replacement of components in the UAV are very hi-tech and cannot be done in the commercial market. The training process of operators is expensive and next to impossible to train UAV operators outside the military since the expertise required to be a UAV operator is unique.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on Commercial Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The time it would take to train the personnel would be so long. In addition, the places available to conduct the training are limited, and in most instances, they are unavailable. Nevertheless, in considering the aspect of customer perception, it is viewed that the UAVs are applicable in the military since the commercial market application of UAVs might not be a viable option (Singer, 2012, p. 88). The commercial market will not be able to purchase the UAVs since it will be impossible to have the machinery required for the operations and maintenance of the UAVs. More so, if UAVs are launched in the commercial market, there is a risk that radicalized groups and terrorists may obtain the UAVs by hiding behind specific organizations. This may enable them to ac quire the UAVs for the wrong motives and intentions. In case the terrorists acquire the UAVs, the effects would be catastrophic. The Steps Being Taken to Address the Challenges Curbing the cost of payload integration is a process, and the steps involved are developing, documentation and implementing standards that are concerned with payload interfaces and which support plug and play. In order to address the cost of support personnel, the operating costs during travel have been decreased. Steps have also been taken to ensure that the price of accomplishing missions is affordable (Angelov, 2012, p. 70). However, to curb direct cost, appropriate steps have been taken to increase onboard intelligence so as to reduce the cost of ground support. In addressing the cost of insurance, safety and reliability standards of the UAVs have been increased, and to reduce the cost of communication, the UAV operations bandwidths have been limited so as to make communication cheap, and curb the reducin g costs removal of technical and regulatory barriers of the UAV have been implemented (Carafano Gudgel, 2007, p. 25).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, technologies have been developed, these technologies include use of global positioning systems (GPS) and earth observing systems (EOS). Solutions to the Challenges In order to address the challenges facing the launching of UAVs in the commercial market, the spending related to the training of personnel, insurance policies, communication and vehicle support should be reduced as much as possible. In addition the aspect of training operators should be improved. More institutions should be put in place to train individuals on the use UAVs (Rosheim, 2010, p. 50). The commercializing of the UAVs should also be conducted with a lot of caution so as to ensure that radicalized groups and terrorists do not acquire the UAVs. National security should be ascertained at all times. Impact to the Aviation Industry Once the Problem is Solved The aviation industry will be able to serve more people as multiple flights will be conducted at once. UAVs will enable longer flight hours and hig her efficiency. On the other hand, retrenchments might occur;, due to the use UAVs, pilots might end up losing their jobs because the aircrafts will be uninhabited (Ouellette, 2006, p. 46). The aviation industry will be more dynamic in nature, and the use of technology will also be very extensive. In addition, there will be a very sophisticated contingency management. This means that there will be a reaction to unforeseen events and any failures that may occur. The failures that will be addressed include occurrence of casualties during flights, external property damage, aircraft destructions and loss of payloads (ebrary Incorporation, 2008, p. 23). Another impact will be collision avoidance, in order to fly with minimal restrictions in the airspace of various territories UAVs will need to implement an effective and efficient collision avoidance system. This will ascertain the safety of the passengers or cargo being conveyed by the use of UAVs. The impacts of the unmanned aerial vehi cles will be massive and may improve the aviation industry in the whole world if adopted (Russel, 2010, p. 37). References Angelov, P. (2012). Sense and Avoid in UAS: Research and Applications. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Baik, D. (2005). Systems modeling and simulation: Theory and Applications. Berlin: Springer. Carafano, J., Gudgel, A. (2007). The Pentagon’s robots: Arming the future. New York, NY: Backgrounder ebrary Incorporation. (2008). Seventh Annual Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. Finocchio, P., Prasad, R., Ruggieri, M. (2008). Aerospace technologies and  applications for dual use: A new world of defense and commercial in 21st century security. Aalborg, Denmark: River Publishers. Glackin, L., Peltzer, G. (2009). Civil, commercial, and international remote  sensing systems and geoprocessing. El Segundo, Calif: Aerospace Press. Ouellette, Robert (2006). Automation Impacts on Industry, Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science Publishers. Rosheim, Mark. (2011). Robot Evolution: The Development of Anthrobotics. New York, NY: Wiley-IEEE. Russel, Andrew. (2010). Robot Tactile Sensing. New York, NY: Prentice Hall Singer, P. (2012). Wired for war: The robotics revolution and conflict in the 21st century. New York, NY: Penguin Group. This report on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on Commercial Market was written and submitted by user Carl Nielsen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.